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azure-sql/database/resource-limits-logical-server.md

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author: dimitri-furman
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ms.author: dfurman
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ms.reviewer: wiassaf, mathoma, randolphwest
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ms.date: 10/21/2022
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ms.date: 03/08/2023
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ms.service: sql-database
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ms.subservice: service-overview
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ms.topic: reference
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A more detailed breakdown of recent resource consumption by user workloads and internal processes is reported in the [sys.dm_resource_governor_resource_pools_history_ex](/sql/relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-resource-governor-resource-pools-history-ex-azure-sql-database) and [sys.dm_resource_governor_workload_groups_history_ex](/sql/relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-resource-governor-workload-groups-history-ex-azure-sql-database) views. For details on resource pools and workload groups referenced in these views, see [Resource governance](#resource-governance). These views report on resource utilization by user workloads and specific internal processes in the associated resource pools and workload groups.
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In the context of performance monitoring and troubleshooting, it's important to consider both **user CPU consumption** (`avg_cpu_percent`, `cpu_percent`), and **total CPU consumption** by user workloads and internal processes (`avg_instance_cpu_percent`,`sqlserver_process_core_percent`).
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> [!TIP]
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> When monitoring or troubleshooting workload performance, it's important to consider both **user CPU consumption** (`avg_cpu_percent`, `cpu_percent`), and **total CPU consumption** by user workloads and internal processes (`avg_instance_cpu_percent`,`sqlserver_process_core_percent`). Performance may be noticeably impacted if *either* of these metrics is in the 70-100% range.
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**User CPU consumption** is calculated as a percentage of the user workload limits in each service objective. **User CPU utilization** at 100% indicates that the user workload has reached the limit of the service objective. However, when **total CPU consumption** reaches the 70-100% range, it's possible to see user workload throughput flattening out and query latency increasing, even if reported **user CPU consumption** remains significantly below 100%. This is more likely to occur when using smaller service objectives with a moderate allocation of compute resources, but relatively intense user workloads, such as in [dense elastic pools](elastic-pool-resource-management.md). This can also occur with smaller service objectives when internal processes temporarily require additional resources, for example when creating a new replica of the database, or backing up the database.
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**User CPU consumption** is calculated as a percentage of the user workload limits in each service objective. **User CPU utilization** in the 70-100% range indicates that the user workload is reaching the limit of the service objective. However, when **total CPU consumption** reaches the 70-100% range, it's possible to see user workload throughput flattening out and query latency increasing, even if reported **user CPU consumption** remains significantly below 100%. This is more likely to occur when using smaller service objectives with a moderate allocation of compute resources, but relatively intense user workloads, such as in [dense elastic pools](elastic-pool-resource-management.md). This can also occur with smaller service objectives when internal processes temporarily require additional resources, for example when creating a new replica of the database, or backing up the database.
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When **total CPU consumption** is high, mitigation options are the same as noted in the [Compute CPU](#compute-cpu) section, and include service objective increase and/or user workload optimization.
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docs/connect/odbc/using-azure-active-directory.md

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>- To connect using Windows Integrated or Active Directory Integrated (Windows, and Linux/macOS 17.6+, driver only) authentication, specify `Authentication=ActiveDirectoryIntegrated` in the connection string. The driver will choose the correct authentication mode automatically. For driver versions 17.7 or earlier, `UID` and `PWD` must not be specified. Beginning with driver version 17.8, `UID` and `PWD` are ignored.
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>- To connect using Active Directory Interactive (Windows driver only) authentication, `UID` must be specified. For driver versions 17.7 and earlier, `PWD` must not be specified. Beginning with driver version 17.8, `PWD` is ignored.
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>- Starting with version 18.1, `Trusted_Connection=Yes` no longer uses Azure Active Directory federated authentication by default and uses SSPI-integrated instead. To use Azure Active Directory for this option, `TrustedConnection_UseAAD=Yes` should be configured.
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>- ODBC driver versions 17.7 and lower have a known issue with connection timeout when AAD authentication and Force Encryption are enabled on a SQL instance. SQL Server errorlog may contain error messages such as: "_Error: 33155, Severity: 20, State: 1. A disconnect event was raised when server is waiting for Federated Authentication token. This could be due to client close or server timeout expired_.". If you are using SQL high availability solutions such as Availability Groups or Failover Cluster Instances, the internal cluster communication for SQL may be affected by this behavior which can affect resource availability. In the cluster log, you may see error messages such as: “_[hadrag] Connect to SQL Server ...ODBC Error: [HY000] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server]An unknown error has occurred. Detailed error information is not available. (0)_”. ODBC driver versions 17.10 and higher fix this issue and with SQL Server 2022 GDR KB5021522 /CU1 KB5022375, the latest driver which contains this fix is installed with SQL installation. You can verify which version of ODBC driver you have installed by referring to the ODBC Data Source Administrator.
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## Authenticating with an Access Token
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