| title | C++ ODBC app accessing a SQL database |
|---|---|
| ms.custom | |
| ms.date | 07/08/2019 |
| ms.prod | sql |
| ms.prod_service | connectivity |
| ms.reviewer | |
| ms.technology | connectivity |
| ms.topic | conceptual |
| author | David-Engel |
| ms.author | v-daenge |
[!INCLUDEappliesto-ss-asdb-xxxx-xxx-md]
This C++ sample application demonstrates how to use the ODBC APIs to connect to and access a SQL database.
Between October 2013 and July 2019, this sample C++ ODBC application was downloaded 47,300 times. In July 2019 this application source was moved from Microsoft's Code Gallery to this webpage.
Environment Where Tested
===============================
Visual Studio 2012
Win32
Windows Server 2012 R2
Windows 8.1
ODBC Sample
===============================
This sample demonstrates how to use ODBC APIs to Connect to and access database.
Sample Language Implementations
===============================
C++
Files:
=============================================
odbcsql.sln
odbcsql.vcxproj
odbcsql.cpp
To build the sample using the command prompt:
=============================================
1. Open the Command Prompt window and navigate to the Odbcsql directory.
2. Type msbuild odbcsql.sln.
To build the sample using Visual Studio (preferred method):
===========================================================
1. Open File Explorer and navigate to the Odbcsql directory.
2. Double-click the icon for the odbcsql.sln file to open the file in Visual Studio.
3. In the Build menu, select Build Solution. The application will be built in the default \Debug or \Release directory.
To run the sample:
==================
1. Navigate to the directory that contains the new executable, using the command prompt or File Explorer.
2. Type Odbcsql.exe at the command line, or double-click the icon for Odbcsql.exe to launch it from File Explorer.
3. Select the ODBC DSN to connect to. Follow the message of the sample application to input SQL query.
/*******************************************************************************
/* ODBCSQL: a sample program that implements an ODBC command line interpreter.
/*
/* USAGE: ODBCSQL DSN=<dsn name> or
/* ODBCSQL FILEDSN=<file dsn> or
/* ODBCSQL DRIVER={driver name}
/*
/*
/* Copyright(c) Microsoft Corporation. This is a WDAC sample program and
/* is not suitable for use in production environments.
/*
/******************************************************************************/
/* Modules:
/* Main Main driver loop, executes queries.
/* DisplayResults Display the results of the query if any
/* AllocateBindings Bind column data
/* DisplayTitles Print column titles
/* SetConsole Set console display mode
/* HandleError Show ODBC error messages
/******************************************************************************/
#include <windows.h>
#include <sql.h>
#include <sqlext.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sal.h>
/*******************************************/
/* Macro to call ODBC functions and */
/* report an error on failure. */
/* Takes handle, handle type, and stmt */
/*******************************************/
#define TRYODBC(h, ht, x) { RETCODE rc = x;\
if (rc != SQL_SUCCESS) \
{ \
HandleDiagnosticRecord (h, ht, rc); \
} \
if (rc == SQL_ERROR) \
{ \
fwprintf(stderr, L"Error in " L#x L"\n"); \
goto Exit; \
} \
}
/******************************************/
/* Structure to store information about */
/* a column.
/******************************************/
typedef struct STR_BINDING {
SQLSMALLINT cDisplaySize; /* size to display */
WCHAR *wszBuffer; /* display buffer */
SQLLEN indPtr; /* size or null */
BOOL fChar; /* character col? */
struct STR_BINDING *sNext; /* linked list */
} BINDING;
/******************************************/
/* Forward references */
/******************************************/
void HandleDiagnosticRecord (SQLHANDLE hHandle,
SQLSMALLINT hType,
RETCODE RetCode);
void DisplayResults(HSTMT hStmt,
SQLSMALLINT cCols);
void AllocateBindings(HSTMT hStmt,
SQLSMALLINT cCols,
BINDING** ppBinding,
SQLSMALLINT* pDisplay);
void DisplayTitles(HSTMT hStmt,
DWORD cDisplaySize,
BINDING* pBinding);
void SetConsole(DWORD cDisplaySize,
BOOL fInvert);
/*****************************************/
/* Some constants */
/*****************************************/
#define DISPLAY_MAX 50 // Arbitrary limit on column width to display
#define DISPLAY_FORMAT_EXTRA 3 // Per column extra display bytes (| <data> )
#define DISPLAY_FORMAT L"%c %*.*s "
#define DISPLAY_FORMAT_C L"%c %-*.*s "
#define NULL_SIZE 6 // <NULL>
#define SQL_QUERY_SIZE 1000 // Max. Num characters for SQL Query passed in.
#define PIPE L'|'
SHORT gHeight = 80; // Users screen height
int __cdecl wmain(int argc, _In_reads_(argc) WCHAR **argv)
{
SQLHENV hEnv = NULL;
SQLHDBC hDbc = NULL;
SQLHSTMT hStmt = NULL;
WCHAR* pwszConnStr;
WCHAR wszInput[SQL_QUERY_SIZE];
// Allocate an environment
if (SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &hEnv) == SQL_ERROR)
{
fwprintf(stderr, L"Unable to allocate an environment handle\n");
exit(-1);
}
// Register this as an application that expects 3.x behavior,
// you must register something if you use AllocHandle
TRYODBC(hEnv,
SQL_HANDLE_ENV,
SQLSetEnvAttr(hEnv,
SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION,
(SQLPOINTER)SQL_OV_ODBC3,
0));
// Allocate a connection
TRYODBC(hEnv,
SQL_HANDLE_ENV,
SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hEnv, &hDbc));
if (argc > 1)
{
pwszConnStr = *++argv;
}
else
{
pwszConnStr = L"";
}
// Connect to the driver. Use the connection string if supplied
// on the input, otherwise let the driver manager prompt for input.
TRYODBC(hDbc,
SQL_HANDLE_DBC,
SQLDriverConnect(hDbc,
GetDesktopWindow(),
pwszConnStr,
SQL_NTS,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
SQL_DRIVER_COMPLETE));
fwprintf(stderr, L"Connected!\n");
TRYODBC(hDbc,
SQL_HANDLE_DBC,
SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hDbc, &hStmt));
wprintf(L"Enter SQL commands, type (control)Z to exit\nSQL COMMAND>");
// Loop to get input and execute queries
while(_fgetts(wszInput, SQL_QUERY_SIZE-1, stdin))
{
RETCODE RetCode;
SQLSMALLINT sNumResults;
// Execute the query
if (!(*wszInput))
{
wprintf(L"SQL COMMAND>");
continue;
}
RetCode = SQLExecDirect(hStmt,wszInput, SQL_NTS);
switch(RetCode)
{
case SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO:
{
HandleDiagnosticRecord(hStmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, RetCode);
// fall through
}
case SQL_SUCCESS:
{
// If this is a row-returning query, display
// results
TRYODBC(hStmt,
SQL_HANDLE_STMT,
SQLNumResultCols(hStmt,&sNumResults));
if (sNumResults > 0)
{
DisplayResults(hStmt,sNumResults);
}
else
{
SQLLEN cRowCount;
TRYODBC(hStmt,
SQL_HANDLE_STMT,
SQLRowCount(hStmt,&cRowCount));
if (cRowCount >= 0)
{
wprintf(L"%Id %s affected\n",
cRowCount,
cRowCount == 1 ? L"row" : L"rows");
}
}
break;
}
case SQL_ERROR:
{
HandleDiagnosticRecord(hStmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, RetCode);
break;
}
default:
fwprintf(stderr, L"Unexpected return code %hd!\n", RetCode);
}
TRYODBC(hStmt,
SQL_HANDLE_STMT,
SQLFreeStmt(hStmt, SQL_CLOSE));
wprintf(L"SQL COMMAND>");
}
Exit:
// Free ODBC handles and exit
if (hStmt)
{
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hStmt);
}
if (hDbc)
{
SQLDisconnect(hDbc);
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hDbc);
}
if (hEnv)
{
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, hEnv);
}
wprintf(L"\nDisconnected.");
return 0;
}
/************************************************************************
/* DisplayResults: display results of a select query
/*
/* Parameters:
/* hStmt ODBC statement handle
/* cCols Count of columns
/************************************************************************/
void DisplayResults(HSTMT hStmt,
SQLSMALLINT cCols)
{
BINDING *pFirstBinding, *pThisBinding;
SQLSMALLINT cDisplaySize;
RETCODE RetCode = SQL_SUCCESS;
int iCount = 0;
// Allocate memory for each column
AllocateBindings(hStmt, cCols, &pFirstBinding, &cDisplaySize);
// Set the display mode and write the titles
DisplayTitles(hStmt, cDisplaySize+1, pFirstBinding);
// Fetch and display the data
bool fNoData = false;
do {
// Fetch a row
if (iCount++ >= gHeight - 2)
{
int nInputChar;
bool fEnterReceived = false;
while(!fEnterReceived)
{
wprintf(L" ");
SetConsole(cDisplaySize+2, TRUE);
wprintf(L" Press ENTER to continue, Q to quit (height:%hd)", gHeight);
SetConsole(cDisplaySize+2, FALSE);
nInputChar = _getch();
wprintf(L"\n");
if ((nInputChar == 'Q') || (nInputChar == 'q'))
{
goto Exit;
}
else if ('\r' == nInputChar)
{
fEnterReceived = true;
}
// else loop back to display prompt again
}
iCount = 1;
DisplayTitles(hStmt, cDisplaySize+1, pFirstBinding);
}
TRYODBC(hStmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, RetCode = SQLFetch(hStmt));
if (RetCode == SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND)
{
fNoData = true;
}
else
{
// Display the data. Ignore truncations
for (pThisBinding = pFirstBinding;
pThisBinding;
pThisBinding = pThisBinding->sNext)
{
if (pThisBinding->indPtr != SQL_NULL_DATA)
{
wprintf(pThisBinding->fChar ? DISPLAY_FORMAT_C:DISPLAY_FORMAT,
PIPE,
pThisBinding->cDisplaySize,
pThisBinding->cDisplaySize,
pThisBinding->wszBuffer);
}
else
{
wprintf(DISPLAY_FORMAT_C,
PIPE,
pThisBinding->cDisplaySize,
pThisBinding->cDisplaySize,
L"<NULL>");
}
}
wprintf(L" %c\n",PIPE);
}
} while (!fNoData);
SetConsole(cDisplaySize+2, TRUE);
wprintf(L"%*.*s", cDisplaySize+2, cDisplaySize+2, L" ");
SetConsole(cDisplaySize+2, FALSE);
wprintf(L"\n");
Exit:
// Clean up the allocated buffers
while (pFirstBinding)
{
pThisBinding = pFirstBinding->sNext;
free(pFirstBinding->wszBuffer);
free(pFirstBinding);
pFirstBinding = pThisBinding;
}
}
/************************************************************************
/* AllocateBindings: Get column information and allocate bindings
/* for each column.
/*
/* Parameters:
/* hStmt Statement handle
/* cCols Number of columns in the result set
/* *lppBinding Binding pointer (returned)
/* lpDisplay Display size of one line
/************************************************************************/
void AllocateBindings(HSTMT hStmt,
SQLSMALLINT cCols,
BINDING **ppBinding,
SQLSMALLINT *pDisplay)
{
SQLSMALLINT iCol;
BINDING *pThisBinding, *pLastBinding = NULL;
SQLLEN cchDisplay, ssType;
SQLSMALLINT cchColumnNameLength;
*pDisplay = 0;
for (iCol = 1; iCol <= cCols; iCol++)
{
pThisBinding = (BINDING *)(malloc(sizeof(BINDING)));
if (!(pThisBinding))
{
fwprintf(stderr, L"Out of memory!\n");
exit(-100);
}
if (iCol == 1)
{
*ppBinding = pThisBinding;
}
else
{
pLastBinding->sNext = pThisBinding;
}
pLastBinding = pThisBinding;
// Figure out the display length of the column (we will
// bind to char since we are only displaying data, in general
// you should bind to the appropriate C type if you are going
// to manipulate data since it is much faster...)
TRYODBC(hStmt,
SQL_HANDLE_STMT,
SQLColAttribute(hStmt,
iCol,
SQL_DESC_DISPLAY_SIZE,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
&cchDisplay));
// Figure out if this is a character or numeric column; this is
// used to determine if we want to display the data left- or right-
// aligned.
// SQL_DESC_CONCISE_TYPE maps to the 1.x SQL_COLUMN_TYPE.
// This is what you must use if you want to work
// against a 2.x driver.
TRYODBC(hStmt,
SQL_HANDLE_STMT,
SQLColAttribute(hStmt,
iCol,
SQL_DESC_CONCISE_TYPE,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
&ssType));
pThisBinding->fChar = (ssType == SQL_CHAR ||
ssType == SQL_VARCHAR ||
ssType == SQL_LONGVARCHAR);
pThisBinding->sNext = NULL;
// Arbitrary limit on display size
if (cchDisplay > DISPLAY_MAX)
cchDisplay = DISPLAY_MAX;
// Allocate a buffer big enough to hold the text representation
// of the data. Add one character for the null terminator
pThisBinding->wszBuffer = (WCHAR *)malloc((cchDisplay+1) * sizeof(WCHAR));
if (!(pThisBinding->wszBuffer))
{
fwprintf(stderr, L"Out of memory!\n");
exit(-100);
}
// Map this buffer to the driver's buffer. At Fetch time,
// the driver will fill in this data. Note that the size is
// count of bytes (for Unicode). All ODBC functions that take
// SQLPOINTER use count of bytes; all functions that take only
// strings use count of characters.
TRYODBC(hStmt,
SQL_HANDLE_STMT,
SQLBindCol(hStmt,
iCol,
SQL_C_TCHAR,
(SQLPOINTER) pThisBinding->wszBuffer,
(cchDisplay + 1) * sizeof(WCHAR),
&pThisBinding->indPtr));
// Now set the display size that we will use to display
// the data. Figure out the length of the column name
TRYODBC(hStmt,
SQL_HANDLE_STMT,
SQLColAttribute(hStmt,
iCol,
SQL_DESC_NAME,
NULL,
0,
&cchColumnNameLength,
NULL));
pThisBinding->cDisplaySize = max((SQLSMALLINT)cchDisplay, cchColumnNameLength);
if (pThisBinding->cDisplaySize < NULL_SIZE)
pThisBinding->cDisplaySize = NULL_SIZE;
*pDisplay += pThisBinding->cDisplaySize + DISPLAY_FORMAT_EXTRA;
}
return;
Exit:
exit(-1);
return;
}
/************************************************************************
/* DisplayTitles: print the titles of all the columns and set the
/* shell window's width
/*
/* Parameters:
/* hStmt Statement handle
/* cDisplaySize Total display size
/* pBinding list of binding information
/************************************************************************/
void DisplayTitles(HSTMT hStmt,
DWORD cDisplaySize,
BINDING *pBinding)
{
WCHAR wszTitle[DISPLAY_MAX];
SQLSMALLINT iCol = 1;
SetConsole(cDisplaySize+2, TRUE);
for (; pBinding; pBinding = pBinding->sNext)
{
TRYODBC(hStmt,
SQL_HANDLE_STMT,
SQLColAttribute(hStmt,
iCol++,
SQL_DESC_NAME,
wszTitle,
sizeof(wszTitle), // Note count of bytes!
NULL,
NULL));
wprintf(DISPLAY_FORMAT_C,
PIPE,
pBinding->cDisplaySize,
pBinding->cDisplaySize,
wszTitle);
}
Exit:
wprintf(L" %c", PIPE);
SetConsole(cDisplaySize+2, FALSE);
wprintf(L"\n");
}
/************************************************************************
/* SetConsole: sets console display size and video mode
/*
/* Parameters
/* siDisplaySize Console display size
/* fInvert Invert video?
/************************************************************************/
void SetConsole(DWORD dwDisplaySize,
BOOL fInvert)
{
HANDLE hConsole;
CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbInfo;
// Reset the console screen buffer size if necessary
hConsole = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
if (hConsole != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
if (GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hConsole, &csbInfo))
{
if (csbInfo.dwSize.X < (SHORT) dwDisplaySize)
{
csbInfo.dwSize.X = (SHORT) dwDisplaySize;
SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(hConsole, csbInfo.dwSize);
}
gHeight = csbInfo.dwSize.Y;
}
if (fInvert)
{
SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, (WORD)(csbInfo.wAttributes | BACKGROUND_BLUE));
}
else
{
SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, (WORD)(csbInfo.wAttributes & ~(BACKGROUND_BLUE)));
}
}
}
/************************************************************************
/* HandleDiagnosticRecord : display error/warning information
/*
/* Parameters:
/* hHandle ODBC handle
/* hType Type of handle (HANDLE_STMT, HANDLE_ENV, HANDLE_DBC)
/* RetCode Return code of failing command
/************************************************************************/
void HandleDiagnosticRecord (SQLHANDLE hHandle,
SQLSMALLINT hType,
RETCODE RetCode)
{
SQLSMALLINT iRec = 0;
SQLINTEGER iError;
WCHAR wszMessage[1000];
WCHAR wszState[SQL_SQLSTATE_SIZE+1];
if (RetCode == SQL_INVALID_HANDLE)
{
fwprintf(stderr, L"Invalid handle!\n");
return;
}
while (SQLGetDiagRec(hType,
hHandle,
++iRec,
wszState,
&iError,
wszMessage,
(SQLSMALLINT)(sizeof(wszMessage) / sizeof(WCHAR)),
(SQLSMALLINT *)NULL) == SQL_SUCCESS)
{
// Hide data truncated..
if (wcsncmp(wszState, L"01004", 5))
{
fwprintf(stderr, L"[%5.5s] %s (%d)\n", wszState, wszMessage, iError);
}
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<ItemGroup>
<ClCompile Include="odbcsql.cpp" />
</ItemGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
</ImportGroup>
</Project>[!INCLUDEDriver_ODBC_Download]