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title SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL (Transact-SQL)
description SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL (Transact-SQL)
author WilliamDAssafMSFT
ms.author wiassaf
ms.date 03/14/2017
ms.service sql
ms.subservice t-sql
ms.topic reference
f1_keywords
CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL_TSQL
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL
CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL
SET_CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL_TSQL
helpviewer_keywords
CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL option
null values [SQL Server], concatenation results
concatenation [SQL Server]
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL statement
dev_langs
TSQL
monikerRange >=aps-pdw-2016||=azure-sqldw-latest||>=sql-server-2016||>=sql-server-linux-2017||=azuresqldb-mi-current||=fabric

SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL (Transact-SQL)

[!INCLUDE sql-asdbmi-asa-pdw-fabricse-fabricdw]

Controls whether concatenation results are treated as null or empty string values.

Important

In a future version of [!INCLUDEssNoVersion] CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL will always be ON and any applications that explicitly set the option to OFF will generate an error. Avoid using this feature in new development work, and plan to modify applications that currently use this feature.

:::image type="icon" source="../../includes/media/topic-link-icon.svg" border="false"::: Transact-SQL syntax conventions

Syntax

Syntax for [!INCLUDEssnoversion-md.md], [!INCLUDEsssodfull-md.md], [!INCLUDE fabric]

    
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL { ON | OFF }

Syntax for [!INCLUDEssazuresynapse-md.md] and [!INCLUDEsspdw-md.md]

  
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON

[!INCLUDEsql-server-tsql-previous-offline-documentation]

Remarks

When SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL is ON, concatenating a null value with a string yields a NULL result. For example, SELECT 'abc' + NULL yields NULL. When SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL is OFF, concatenating a null value with a string yields the string itself (the null value is treated as an empty string). For example, SELECT 'abc' + NULL yields abc.

If SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL is not specified, the setting of the CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL database option applies.

Note

SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL is the same setting as the CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL setting of ALTER DATABASE.

The setting of SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL is set at execute or run time and not at parse time.

SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL must be ON when creating or altering indexed views, indexes on computed columns, filtered indexes or spatial indexes. If SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL is OFF, any CREATE, UPDATE, INSERT, and DELETE statements on tables with indexes on computed columns, filtered indexes, spatial indexes or indexed views will fail. For more information about required SET option settings with indexed views and indexes on computed columns, see "Considerations When You Use the SET Statements" in SET Statements (Transact-SQL).

When CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL is set to OFF, string concatenation across server boundaries cannot occur.

To view the current setting for this setting, run the following query.

DECLARE @CONCAT_SETTING VARCHAR(3) = 'OFF';  
IF ( (4096 & @@OPTIONS) = 4096 ) SET @CONCAT_SETTING = 'ON';  
SELECT @CONCAT_SETTING AS CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL;

Examples

The following example showing using both SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL settings.

PRINT 'Setting CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON';  
GO  
-- SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON and testing.  
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON;  
GO  
SELECT 'abc' + NULL ;  
GO  
  
-- SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF and testing.  
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF;  
GO  
SELECT 'abc' + NULL;   
GO

See Also

SET Statements (Transact-SQL)
SESSIONPROPERTY (Transact-SQL)