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title Install SQL Server 2017 on Linux | Microsoft Docs
description Install, update, and uninstall SQL Server on Linux. This topic covers online, offline, and unattended scenarios.
author rothja
ms.author jroth
manager jhubbard
ms.date 10/26/2017
ms.topic article
ms.prod sql-non-specified
ms.prod_service database-engine
ms.service
ms.component sql-linux
ms.suite sql
ms.custom
ms.technology database-engine
ms.assetid 565156c3-7256-4e63-aaf0-884522ef2a52
ms.workload Active

Installation guidance for SQL Server on Linux

[!INCLUDEtsql-appliesto-sslinux-only]

This topic explains how to install, update, and uninstall SQL Server 2017 on Linux. SQL Server 2017 is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), and Ubuntu. It is also available as a Docker image, which can run on Docker Engine on Linux or Docker for Windows/Mac.

Tip

To get started quickly, jump to one of the quick start tutorials for RHEL, SLES, Ubuntu, or Docker.

Supported platforms

SQL Server 2017 is supported on the following Linux platforms:

Platform Supported version(s) Get
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3 or 7.4 Get RHEL 7.4
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server v12 SP2 Get SLES v12 SP2
Ubuntu 16.04 Get Ubuntu 16.04
Docker Engine 1.8+ Get Docker

System requirements

SQL Server 2017 has the following system requirements for Linux:
Memory 2 GB
File System XFS or EXT4 (other file systems, such as BTRFS, are unsupported)
Disk space 6 GB
Processor speed 2 GHz
Processor cores 2 cores
Processor type x64-compatible only

If you use Network File System (NFS) remote shares in production, note the following support requirements:

  • Use NFS version 4.2 or higher. Older versions of NFS do not support required features, such as fallocate and sparse file creation, common to modern file systems.
  • Locate only the /var/opt/mssql directories on the NFS mount. Other files, such as the SQL Server system binaries, are not supported.
  • Ensure that NFS clients use the 'nolock' option when mounting the remote share.

Install SQL Server

You can install SQL Server on Linux from the command line. For instructions, see one of the following quick start tutorials:

Update SQL Server

To update the mssql-server package to the latest release, use one of the following commands based on your platform:

Platform Package update command(s)
RHEL sudo yum update mssql-server
SLES sudo zypper update mssql-server
Ubuntu sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mssql-server

These commands download the newest package and replace the binaries located under /opt/mssql/. The user generated databases and system databases are not affected by this operation.

Rollback SQL Server

To rollback or downgrade SQL Server to a previous release, use the following steps:

  1. Identify the version number for the SQL Server package you want to downgrade to. For a list of package numbers, see the Release notes.

  2. Downgrade to a previous version of SQL Server. In the following commands, replace <version_number> with the SQL Server version number you identified in step one.

    Platform Package update command(s)
    RHEL sudo yum downgrade mssql-server-<version_number>.x86_64
    SLES sudo zypper install --oldpackage mssql-server=<version_number>
    Ubuntu sudo apt-get install mssql-server=<version_number>
    sudo systemctl start mssql-server

Note

It is only supported to downgrade to a release within the same major version, such as SQL Server 2017.

Check installed SQL Server version

To verify your current version and edition of SQL Server on Linux, use the following procedure:

  1. If not already installed, install the SQL Server command-line tools.

  2. Use sqlcmd to run a Transact-SQL command that displays your SQL Server version and edition.

    sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA -Q 'select @@VERSION'

Uninstall SQL Server

To remove the mssql-server package on Linux, use one of the following commands based on your platform:

Platform Package removal command(s)
RHEL sudo yum remove mssql-server
SLES sudo zypper remove mssql-server
Ubuntu sudo apt-get remove mssql-server

Removing the package does not delete the generated database files. If you want to delete the database files, use the following command:

sudo rm -rf /var/opt/mssql/

Configure source repositories

When you install or upgrade SQL Server, you get the latest version of SQL Server from your configured Microsoft repository.

Repository options

There are two main types of repositories for each distribution:

  • Cumulative Updates (CU): The Cumulative Update (CU) repository contains packages for the base SQL Server release and any bug fixes or improvements since that release. Cumulative updates are specific to a release version, such as SQL Server 2017. They are released on a regular cadence.

  • GDR: The GDR repository contains packages for the base SQL Server release and only critical fixes and security updates since that release. These updates are also added to the next CU release.

Each CU and GDR release contains the full SQL Server package and all previous updates for that repository. Updating from a GDR release to a CU release is supported by changing your configured repository for SQL Server. You can also downgrade to any release within your major version (ex: 2017). Updating from a CU release to a GDR release is not supported.

Check your configured repository

If you want to verify what repository is configured, use the following platform-dependent techniques.

Platform Procedure
RHEL 1. View the files in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory: sudo ls /etc/yum.repos.d
2. Look for a file that configures the SQL Server directory, such as mssql-server.repo.
3. Print out the contents of the file: sudo cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo
4. The name property is the configured repository.
SLES 1. Run the following command: sudo zypper info mssql-server
2. The Repository property is the configured repository.
Ubuntu 1. Run the following command: sudo cat /etc/apt/sources.list
2. Examine the package URL for mssql-server.

The end of the repository URL confirms the repository type:

  • mssql-server: preview repository.
  • mssql-server-2017: CU repository.
  • mssql-server-2017-gdr: GDR repository.

Change the source repository

To configure the CU or GDR repositories, use the following steps:

Note

The quick start tutorials configure the CU repository. If you follow those tutorials, you do not need to use the steps below to continue using the CU repository. These steps are only necessary for changing your configured repository.

  1. If necessary, remove the previously configured repository.

    Platform Repository Repository removal command
    RHEL All sudo rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo
    SLES CTP sudo zypper removerepo 'packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server'
    CU sudo zypper removerepo 'packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2017'
    GDR sudo zypper removerepo 'packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2017-gdr'
    Ubuntu CTP sudo add-apt-repository -r 'deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/16.04/mssql-server xenial main'
    CU sudo add-apt-repository -r 'deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/16.04/mssql-server-2017 xenial main'
    GDR sudo add-apt-repository -r 'deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/16.04/mssql-server-2017-gdr xenial main'

  2. For Ubuntu only, import the public repository GPG keys.

    sudo curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add -

  3. Configure the new repository.

    Platform Repository Command
    RHEL CU sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-2017.repo
    RHEL GDR sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-2017-gdr.repo
    SLES CU sudo zypper addrepo -fc https://packages.microsoft.com/config/sles/12/mssql-server-2017.repo
    SLES GDR sudo zypper addrepo -fc https://packages.microsoft.com/config/sles/12/mssql-server-2017-gdr.repo
    Ubuntu CU sudo add-apt-repository "$(curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/16.04/mssql-server-2017.list)" && sudo apt-get update
    Ubuntu GDR sudo add-apt-repository "$(curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/16.04/mssql-server-2017-gdr.list)" && sudo apt-get update

  4. Install or update SQL Server and any related packages from the new repository.

    [!IMPORTANT] At this point, if you choose to use one of the installation tutorials, such as the quickstart tutorials, remember that you have just configured the target repository. Do not repeat that step in the tutorials. This is especially true if you configure the GDR repository, because the quickstart tutorials use the CU repository.

Unattended install

You can perform an unattended installation in the following way:

The following example configures the Developer edition of SQL Server with the MSSQL_PID environment variable. It also accepts the EULA (ACCEPT_EULA) and sets the SA user password (MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD). The -n parameter performs an unprompted installation where the configuration values are pulled from the environment variables.

sudo MSSQL_PID=Developer ACCEPT_EULA=Y MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD='<YourStrong!Passw0rd>' /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf -n setup

You can also create a script that performs other actions. For example, you could install other SQL Server packages.

For a more detailed sample script, see the following examples:

Offline install

If your Linux machine does not have access to the online repositories used in the quick starts, you can download the package files directly. These packages are located in the Microsoft repository, https://packages.microsoft.com.

Tip

If you successfully installed with the steps in the quick starts, you do not need to download or manually install the package(s) below. This section is only for the offline scenario.

  1. Download the database engine package for your platform. Find package download links in the package details section of the Release Notes.

  2. Move the downloaded package to your Linux machine. If you used a different machine to download the packages, one way to move the packages to your Linux machine is with the scp command.

  3. Install the database engine package. Use one of the following commands based on your platform. Replace the package file name in this example with the exact name you downloaded.

    Platform Package removal command
    RHEL sudo yum localinstall mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
    SLES sudo zypper install mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
    Ubuntu sudo dpkg -i mssql-server_versionnumber_amd64.deb

    [!NOTE] You can also install the RPM packages (RHEL and SLES) with the rpm -ivh command, but the commands in the previous table automatically install dependencies if available from approved repositories.

  4. Resolve missing dependencies: You might have missing dependencies at this point. If not, you can skip this step. On Ubuntu, if you have access to approved repositories containing those dependencies, the easiest solution is to use the apt-get -f install command. This command also completes the installation of SQL Server. To manually inspect dependencies, use the following commands:

    Platform List dependencies command
    RHEL rpm -qpR mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
    SLES rpm -qpR mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
    Ubuntu dpkg -I mssql-server_versionnumber_amd64.deb

    After resolving the missing dependencies, attempt to install the mssql-server package again.

  5. Complete the SQL Server setup. Use mssql-conf to complete the SQL Server setup:

    sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

Next steps

After installation, you can also install other optional SQL Server packages.

Connect to your SQL Server instance to begin creating and managing databases. To get started, see the quick start tutorials: